40 research outputs found
A comparison of Voxel compression mapping & longitudinal Voxel-Based morphometry
Clinical motivation: Serial brain imaging can reveal patterns of change over time with important clinical implications for
neurodegenerative disease [1]. We investigate the
performance of four analysis methods, in terms of
a comparison of 20 patients with probable AD to
20 age- and sex-matched controls, characterising
differences in change from baseline to later scans
Longitudinal Voxel-based morphometry with unified segmentation: evaluation on simulated Alzheimerās disease
The goal of this work is to evaluate Voxel-Based Morphometry and three longitudinally-tailored methods
of VBM.We use a cohort of simulated images produced by deforming original scans using a Finite Element Method,
guided to emulate Alzheimer-like changes. The simulated images provide quite realistic data with a known pattern of
spatial atrophy, with which VBMās findings can be meaningfully compared. We believe this is the first evaluation of VBM for which anatomically-plausible āgold-standardā results are available. The three longitudinal VBM methods
have been implemented within the unified segmentation framework of SPM5; one of the techniques is a newly
developed procedure, which shows promising potential
Evaluation of local and global atrophy measurement techniques with simulated Alzheimer's disease data
The main goal of this work was to evaluate several well-known methods which provide global (BSI and
SIENA) or local (Jacobian integration) estimates of atrophy in brain structures using Magnetic Resonance images.
For that purpose, we have generated realistic simulated Alzheimer's disease images in which volume changes are
modelled with a Finite Element thermoelastic model, which mimic the patterns of change obtained from a cohort of
19 real controls and 27 probable Alzheimer's disease patients. SIENA and BSI results correlate very well with gold standard data (BSI mean absolute error <0.29%; SIENA <0.44%). Jacobian integration was guided by both fluid
and FFD-based registration techniques and resulting deformation fields and associated Jacobians were compared,
region by region, with gold standard ones. The FFD registration technique provided more satisfactory results than the fluid one. Mean absolute error differences between volume changes given by the FFD-based technique and the
gold standard were: sulcal CSF <2.49%; lateral ventricles 2.25%; brain <0.36%; hippocampi <0.42%
Phenomenological model of diffuse global and regional atrophy using finite-element methods
The main goal of this work is the generation of ground-truth data for the validation of atrophy measurement techniques, commonly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. Several techniques have been used to measure atrophy in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, but it is extremely difficult to compare their performance since they have been applied to different patient populations. Furthermore, assessment of performance based on phantom measurements or simple scaled images overestimates these techniques' ability to capture the complexity of neurodegeneration of the human brain. We propose a method for atrophy simulation in structural magnetic resonance (MR) images based on finite-element methods. The method produces cohorts of brain images with known change that is physically and clinically plausible, providing data for objective evaluation of atrophy measurement techniques. Atrophy is simulated in different tissue compartments or in different neuroanatomical structures with a phenomenological model. This model of diffuse global and regional atrophy is based on volumetric measurements such as the brain or the hippocampus, from patients with known disease and guided by clinical knowledge of the relative pathological involvement of regions and tissues. The consequent biomechanical readjustment of structures is modelled using conventional physics-based techniques based on biomechanical tissue properties and simulating plausible tissue deformations with finite-element methods. A thermoelastic model of tissue deformation is employed, controlling the rate of progression of atrophy by means of a set of thermal coefficients, each one corresponding to a different type of tissue. Tissue characterization is performed by means of the meshing of a labelled brain atlas, creating a reference volumetric mesh that will be introduced to a finite-element solver to create the simulated deformations. Preliminary work on the simulation of acquisition artefa- - cts is also presented. Cross-sectional and
Issues with threshold masking in voxel-based morphometry of atrophied brains
There is great interest in using automatic computational neuroanatomy tools to study ageing
and neurodegenerative disease. Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) is one of the most
widely used of such techniques. VBM performs voxel-wise statistical analysis of smoothed
spatially normalised segmented Magnetic Resonance Images. There are several reasons why
the analysis should include only voxels within a certain mask. We show that one of the most
commonly used strategies for defining this mask runs a major risk of excluding from the
analysis precisely those voxels where the subjectsā brains were most vulnerable to atrophy.
We investigate the issues related to mask construction, and recommend the use of alternative
strategies which greatly decrease this danger of false negatives